seev.041.001.01
Scope An account servicer sends the CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdvice message to an account owner or its designated agent to report status of a previously received CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequest message sent by the account owner. This will include the acknowledgement/rejection of a request to cancel an outstanding instruction. Usage The message may also be used to:
- re-send a message previously sent (the sub-function of the message is Duplicate),
- provide a third party with a copy of a message for information (the sub-function of the message is Copy),
- re-send to a third party a copy of a message for information (the sub-function of the message is Copy Duplicate). ISO 15022 - 20022 COEXISTENCE This ISO 20022 message is reversed engineered from ISO 15022. Both standards will coexist for a certain number of years. Until this coexistence period ends, the usage of certain data types is restricted to ensure interoperability between ISO 15022 and 20022 users. Compliance to these rules is mandatory in a coexistence environment. The coexistence restrictions are described in a Textual Rule linked to the Message Items they concern. These coexistence textual rules are clearly identified as follows: “CoexistenceXxxxRule”.
Message Construction
Every ISO20022 message has at the highest level what we call ‘building blocks’. Because the message is constructed as immutable records, the association is by composition. Below you can see the relationship between the message and its constituent building blocks: For comparison, see the ISO20022 official specification
classDiagram direction LR %% CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01 recursion level 0 with max 0 CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01 *-- "1..1" DocumentIdentification11 : Identification CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01 *-- "0..1" DocumentIdentification9 : InstructionCancellationRequestIdentification CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01 *-- "0..1" DocumentIdentification14 : OtherDocumentIdentification CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01 *-- "1..1" CorporateActionGeneralInformation9 : CorporateActionGeneralInformation CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01 *-- "1..1" IInstructionCancellationRequestStatus1Choice : InstructionCancellationRequestStatus CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01 *-- "0..1" CorporateActionOption9 : CorporateActionInstruction CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01 *-- "0..1" CorporateActionNarrative10 : AdditionalInformation CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01 *-- "0..1" IPartyIdentification10Choice : MessageOriginator CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01 *-- "0..1" IPartyIdentification10Choice : MessageRecipient CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01 *-- "0..1" Extension2 : Extension
Now, we will zero-in one-by-one on each of these building blocks.
Identification building block
Information that unambiguously identifies a CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdvice message as know by the account servicer. Identification and creation date of a document. For comparison, see the ISO20022 official specification
classDiagram direction tb %% DocumentIdentification11 recursion level 0 with max 1 class DocumentIdentification11{ Identification IsoMax35Text CopyDuplicate CopyDuplicate1Code } DocumentIdentification11 *-- "0..1" IDateAndDateTimeChoice : CreationDateTime %% IDateAndDateTimeChoice recursion level 1 with max 1
DocumentIdentification11 members
Member name | Description | Data Type / Multiplicity |
---|---|---|
Identification | Unique identifier of the document (message) assigned by the sender of the document. | IsoMax35Text - Required 1..1 |
CreationDateTime | Date and time at which the document (message) was created by the sender. | IDateAndDateTimeChoice - Optional 0..1 |
CopyDuplicate | Specifies if this document is a copy, a duplicate, or a duplicate of a copy. | CopyDuplicate1Code - Optional 0..1 |
InstructionCancellationRequestIdentification building block
Identification of a related instruction cancellation request document. Identifies a document by a unique identification. For comparison, see the ISO20022 official specification
classDiagram direction tb %% DocumentIdentification9 recursion level 0 with max 1 class DocumentIdentification9{ Identification IsoMax35Text }
DocumentIdentification9 members
Member name | Description | Data Type / Multiplicity |
---|---|---|
Identification | Identifies the document. | IsoMax35Text - Required 1..1 |
OtherDocumentIdentification building block
Identification of other documents as well as the document number. Identification of a document as well as the document number. For comparison, see the ISO20022 official specification
classDiagram direction tb %% DocumentIdentification14 recursion level 0 with max 1 DocumentIdentification14 *-- "1..1" IDocumentIdentification1Choice : Identification DocumentIdentification14 *-- "0..1" IDocumentNumber1Choice : DocumentNumber %% IDocumentIdentification1Choice recursion level 1 with max 1 %% IDocumentNumber1Choice recursion level 1 with max 1
DocumentIdentification14 members
Member name | Description | Data Type / Multiplicity |
---|---|---|
Identification | Unique identifier of the document (message) assigned either by the account servicer or the account owner. | IDocumentIdentification1Choice - Required 1..1 |
DocumentNumber | Identification of the type of document. | IDocumentNumber1Choice - Optional 0..1 |
CorporateActionGeneralInformation building block
General information about the corporate action event. General information about the corporate action event. For comparison, see the ISO20022 official specification
classDiagram direction tb %% CorporateActionGeneralInformation9 recursion level 0 with max 1 class CorporateActionGeneralInformation9{ CorporateActionEventIdentification IsoMax35Text OfficialCorporateActionEventIdentification IsoMax35Text ClassActionNumber IsoMax35Text } CorporateActionGeneralInformation9 *-- "1..1" ICorporateActionEventType3Choice : EventType %% ICorporateActionEventType3Choice recursion level 1 with max 1
CorporateActionGeneralInformation9 members
Member name | Description | Data Type / Multiplicity |
---|---|---|
CorporateActionEventIdentification | Reference assigned by the account servicer to unambiguously identify a corporate action event. | IsoMax35Text - Required 1..1 |
OfficialCorporateActionEventIdentification | Official and unique reference assigned by the official central body/entity within each market at the beginning of a corporate action event. | IsoMax35Text - Optional 0..1 |
ClassActionNumber | Reference assigned by a court to a class action. | IsoMax35Text - Optional 0..1 |
EventType | Type of corporate action event. | ICorporateActionEventType3Choice - Required 1..1 |
InstructionCancellationRequestStatus building block
Provides information about the processing status of the instruction cancellation request. Choice between different instruction cancellation request statuses. For comparison, see the ISO20022 official specification
classDiagram direction tb %% IInstructionCancellationRequestStatus1Choice recursion level 0 with max 1
InstructionCancellationRequestStatus1Choice members
Member name | Description | Data Type / Multiplicity |
---|
CorporateActionInstruction building block
Information about the corporate action option. Provides information about the corporate action option. For comparison, see the ISO20022 official specification
classDiagram direction tb %% CorporateActionOption9 recursion level 0 with max 1 class CorporateActionOption9{ SafekeepingAccount IsoMax35Text } CorporateActionOption9 *-- "1..1" IOptionNumber1Choice : OptionNumber CorporateActionOption9 *-- "1..1" ICorporateActionOption5Choice : OptionType CorporateActionOption9 *-- "0..1" IPartyIdentification13Choice : AccountOwner CorporateActionOption9 *-- "0..1" ICashAccountIdentification5Choice : CashAccount CorporateActionOption9 *-- "0..1" ISafekeepingPlaceFormat2Choice : SafekeepingPlace CorporateActionOption9 *-- "0..1" SecurityIdentification11 : SecurityIdentification CorporateActionOption9 *-- "0..1" SignedQuantityFormat1 : TotalEligibleBalance CorporateActionOption9 *-- "0..1" SignedQuantityFormat1 : InstructedBalance CorporateActionOption9 *-- "0..1" SignedQuantityFormat1 : UninstructedBalance CorporateActionOption9 *-- "0..1" IStatusOrQuantityToReceive1Choice : StatusQuantityOrQuantityToReceive %% IOptionNumber1Choice recursion level 1 with max 1 %% ICorporateActionOption5Choice recursion level 1 with max 1 %% IPartyIdentification13Choice recursion level 1 with max 1 %% ICashAccountIdentification5Choice recursion level 1 with max 1 %% ISafekeepingPlaceFormat2Choice recursion level 1 with max 1 %% SecurityIdentification11 recursion level 1 with max 1 class SecurityIdentification11{ Description IsoMax140Text } SecurityIdentification11 *-- "1..1" ISecurityIdentification11Choice : Identification %% SignedQuantityFormat1 recursion level 1 with max 1 class SignedQuantityFormat1{ ShortLongPosition ShortLong1Code } SignedQuantityFormat1 *-- "1..1" IQuantity2Choice : QuantityChoice %% SignedQuantityFormat1 recursion level 1 with max 1 class SignedQuantityFormat1{ ShortLongPosition ShortLong1Code } SignedQuantityFormat1 *-- "1..1" IQuantity2Choice : QuantityChoice %% SignedQuantityFormat1 recursion level 1 with max 1 class SignedQuantityFormat1{ ShortLongPosition ShortLong1Code } SignedQuantityFormat1 *-- "1..1" IQuantity2Choice : QuantityChoice %% IStatusOrQuantityToReceive1Choice recursion level 1 with max 1
CorporateActionOption9 members
Member name | Description | Data Type / Multiplicity |
---|---|---|
OptionNumber | Number identifying the available corporate action options. | IOptionNumber1Choice - Required 1..1 |
OptionType | Specifies the corporate action options available to the account owner. | ICorporateActionOption5Choice - Required 1..1 |
AccountOwner | Party that owns the account. | IPartyIdentification13Choice - Optional 0..1 |
SafekeepingAccount | Account where financial instruments are maintained. | IsoMax35Text - Optional 0..1 |
CashAccount | Account on which a securities entry is made. | ICashAccountIdentification5Choice - Optional 0..1 |
SafekeepingPlace | Location where the financial instruments are/will be safekept. | ISafekeepingPlaceFormat2Choice - Optional 0..1 |
SecurityIdentification | Identifies the financial instrument. | SecurityIdentification11 - Optional 0..1 |
TotalEligibleBalance | Total balance of securities eligible for this corporate action event. The entitlement calculation is based on this balance. | SignedQuantityFormat1 - Optional 0..1 |
InstructedBalance | Balance of instructed position. | SignedQuantityFormat1 - Optional 0..1 |
UninstructedBalance | Balance of uninstructed position. | SignedQuantityFormat1 - Optional 0..1 |
StatusQuantityOrQuantityToReceive | Specifies whether the quantity of financial instrument is a status quantity or a quantity to receive. | IStatusOrQuantityToReceive1Choice - Optional 0..1 |
AdditionalInformation building block
Provides additional information. Provides additional information such as the information conditions. For comparison, see the ISO20022 official specification
classDiagram direction tb %% CorporateActionNarrative10 recursion level 0 with max 1 class CorporateActionNarrative10{ AdditionalText IsoMax350Text PartyContactNarrative IsoMax350Text }
CorporateActionNarrative10 members
Member name | Description | Data Type / Multiplicity |
---|---|---|
AdditionalText | Provides additional information or specifies in more detail the content of a message. This field may only be used when the information to be transmitted, cannot be coded. | IsoMax350Text - Unknown 0..0 |
PartyContactNarrative | Provides additional information regarding the party, for example, the contact unit or person responsible for the transaction identified in the message. | IsoMax350Text - Unknown 0..0 |
MessageOriginator building block
Party that originated the message, if other than the sender. Choice of identification of a party. For comparison, see the ISO20022 official specification
classDiagram direction tb %% IPartyIdentification10Choice recursion level 0 with max 1
PartyIdentification10Choice members
Member name | Description | Data Type / Multiplicity |
---|
MessageRecipient building block
Party that is the final destination of the message, if other than the receiver. Choice of identification of a party. For comparison, see the ISO20022 official specification
classDiagram direction tb %% IPartyIdentification10Choice recursion level 0 with max 1
PartyIdentification10Choice members
Member name | Description | Data Type / Multiplicity |
---|
Extension building block
Additional information that can not be captured in the structured fields and/or any other specific block. Additional information that can not be captured in the structured fields and/or any other specific block. For comparison, see the ISO20022 official specification
classDiagram direction tb %% Extension2 recursion level 0 with max 1 class Extension2{ PlaceAndName IsoMax350Text } Extension2 *-- "1..1" ExtensionEnvelope1 : ExtensionEnvelope %% ExtensionEnvelope1 recursion level 1 with max 1 ExtensionEnvelope1 *-- "1..1" ExtensionContents1 : ExtensionContents
Extension2 members
Member name | Description | Data Type / Multiplicity |
---|---|---|
PlaceAndName | Name qualifying the information provided in the Text field, and place where this information should be inserted. | IsoMax350Text - Optional 0..1 |
ExtensionEnvelope | Technical element wrapping the extension. | ExtensionEnvelope1 - Required 1..1 |
Extensibility and generalization considerations
To facilitate generalized design patterns in the system, the CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01 implementation follows a specific implementaiton pattern. First of all, CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01 impleemnts IOuterRecord indicating it is the outermost logical part of the message definition. Like all message wrappers, CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01Document implements IOuterDocument. Because CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01 implements IOuterDocument, it is a suitable template parameter for IOuterDocument, and causes the internal ‘Message’ to be of type CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01.
classDiagram class IOuterRecord CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01 --|> IOuterRecord : Implements CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01Document --|> IOuterDocument~CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01~ : Implements class IOuterDocument~CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01~ { CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01 Message }
Document wrapper for serialization
The only real purpose CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01Document serves is to cause the document to be serialized into the ‘urn:iso:std:iso:20022:tech:xsd:seev.041.001.01’ namespace. Therefore, it will probably be the usual practice to build the message and construct this wrapper at the last minute using CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01.ToDocument() method. The returned CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01Document value will serialize correctly according to ISO 20022 standards.
classDiagram CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01Document *-- CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01 : Document
Sample of message format
This is an abbreviated version of what the message should look like.
<Document xmlns="urn:iso:std:iso:20022:tech:xsd:seev.041.001.01">
<CorpActnInstrCxlReqStsAdvc>
<Id>
<!-- Identification inner content -->
</Id>
<InstrCxlReqId>
<!-- InstructionCancellationRequestIdentification inner content -->
</InstrCxlReqId>
<OthrDocId>
<!-- OtherDocumentIdentification inner content -->
</OthrDocId>
<CorpActnGnlInf>
<!-- CorporateActionGeneralInformation inner content -->
</CorpActnGnlInf>
<InstrCxlReqSts>
<!-- InstructionCancellationRequestStatus inner content -->
</InstrCxlReqSts>
<CorpActnInstr>
<!-- CorporateActionInstruction inner content -->
</CorpActnInstr>
<AddtlInf>
<!-- AdditionalInformation inner content -->
</AddtlInf>
<MsgOrgtr>
<!-- MessageOriginator inner content -->
</MsgOrgtr>
<MsgRcpt>
<!-- MessageRecipient inner content -->
</MsgRcpt>
<Xtnsn>
<!-- Extension inner content -->
</Xtnsn>
</CorpActnInstrCxlReqStsAdvc>
</Document>
Data from ISO specification
This is the technical data from the specification document.
<messageDefinition
xmi:id="_TVWsqNEwEd-BzquC8wXy7w_896980203"
nextVersions="_mYfhkd3BEd-KAqAOGQOnnw"
name="CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdviceV01"
definition="Scope
An account servicer sends the CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdvice message to an account owner or its designated agent to report status of a previously received CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequest message sent by the account owner.
This will include the acknowledgement/rejection of a request to cancel an outstanding instruction.
Usage
The message may also be used to:
- re-send a message previously sent (the sub-function of the message is Duplicate),
- provide a third party with a copy of a message for information (the sub-function of the message is Copy),
- re-send to a third party a copy of a message for information (the sub-function of the message is Copy Duplicate).
ISO 15022 - 20022 COEXISTENCE
This ISO 20022 message is reversed engineered from ISO 15022. Both standards will coexist for a certain number of years. Until this coexistence period ends, the usage of certain data types is restricted to ensure interoperability between ISO 15022 and 20022 users. Compliance to these rules is mandatory in a coexistence environment. The coexistence restrictions are described in a Textual Rule linked to the Message Items they concern. These coexistence textual rules are clearly identified as follows: “CoexistenceXxxxRule”."
registrationStatus="Registered"
messageSet="_urpIICeJEeOCeO5e7islRQ"
xmlTag="CorpActnInstrCxlReqStsAdvc"
rootElement="Document"
xmlns:xmi="http://www.omg.org/XMI">
<semanticMarkup
xmi:id="_blhnfw5lEeO42pgjaJ50lw"
type="Synonym">
<elements
xmi:id="_blhngA5lEeO42pgjaJ50lw"
name="context"
value="ISO 15022" />
<elements
xmi:id="_blhngQ5lEeO42pgjaJ50lw"
name="value"
value="MT 567, Seq A :23G:CAST and Seq A2 :25D::CPRC" />
</semanticMarkup>
<constraint
xmi:id="_TVf2ltEwEd-BzquC8wXy7w_-32551086"
name="AdditionalInformationRule"
definition="All elements in the AdditionalInformation sequence must not contain information that can be provided in a structured field unless bilaterally agreed."
registrationStatus="Provisionally Registered" />
<constraint
xmi:id="_TVf2mdEwEd-BzquC8wXy7w_-121427284"
name="CoexistenceCharacterSetXRule"
definition="During ISO 15022 – 20022 coexistence, characters used in all text fields must correspond to character set X, that is, a-z A-Z / - ? : ( ) . , ‘ + { } CR LF."
registrationStatus="Provisionally Registered" />
<constraint
xmi:id="_TVpnkdEwEd-BzquC8wXy7w_490966307"
name="CoexistenceIdentificationRule"
definition="During ISO 15022 – 20022 coexistence, all transaction and document identifications or references must be 16 characters or less. The field must not start or end with a slash ‘/’ or contain two consecutive slashes ‘//’."
registrationStatus="Provisionally Registered" />
<messageBuildingBlock
xmi:id="_TVWsqdEwEd-BzquC8wXy7w_1988956573"
name="Identification"
definition="Information that unambiguously identifies a CorporateActionInstructionCancellationRequestStatusAdvice message as know by the account servicer."
registrationStatus="Provisionally Registered"
maxOccurs="1"
minOccurs="1"
xmlTag="Id"
complexType="_RBcz8tp-Ed-ak6NoX_4Aeg_-746423515">
<semanticMarkup
xmi:id="_blhngw5lEeO42pgjaJ50lw"
type="Synonym">
<elements
xmi:id="_blhnhA5lEeO42pgjaJ50lw"
name="context"
value="ISO 15022" />
<elements
xmi:id="_blhnhQ5lEeO42pgjaJ50lw"
name="value"
value=":20C::SEME" />
</semanticMarkup>
</messageBuildingBlock>
<messageBuildingBlock
xmi:id="_TVWsqtEwEd-BzquC8wXy7w_2018510717"
name="InstructionCancellationRequestIdentification"
definition="Identification of a related instruction cancellation request document."
registrationStatus="Provisionally Registered"
maxOccurs="1"
minOccurs="0"
xmlTag="InstrCxlReqId"
complexType="_RXpteNp-Ed-ak6NoX_4Aeg_66239534" />
<messageBuildingBlock
xmi:id="_TVWsq9EwEd-BzquC8wXy7w_-1785145394"
name="OtherDocumentIdentification"
definition="Identification of other documents as well as the document number."
registrationStatus="Provisionally Registered"
minOccurs="0"
xmlTag="OthrDocId"
complexType="_ThCb0tp-Ed-ak6NoX_4Aeg_-2018672131" />
<messageBuildingBlock
xmi:id="_TVWsrNEwEd-BzquC8wXy7w_-985376609"
name="CorporateActionGeneralInformation"
definition="General information about the corporate action event."
registrationStatus="Provisionally Registered"
maxOccurs="1"
minOccurs="1"
xmlTag="CorpActnGnlInf"
complexType="_TWTyitp-Ed-ak6NoX_4Aeg_-71152176" />
<messageBuildingBlock
xmi:id="_TVf2kNEwEd-BzquC8wXy7w_-1739848514"
name="InstructionCancellationRequestStatus"
definition="Provides information about the processing status of the instruction cancellation request."
registrationStatus="Provisionally Registered"
minOccurs="1"
xmlTag="InstrCxlReqSts"
complexType="_QyGwYtp-Ed-ak6NoX_4Aeg_-1849748214" />
<messageBuildingBlock
xmi:id="_TVf2kdEwEd-BzquC8wXy7w_-555938367"
name="CorporateActionInstruction"
definition="Information about the corporate action option."
registrationStatus="Provisionally Registered"
maxOccurs="1"
minOccurs="0"
xmlTag="CorpActnInstr"
complexType="_UEgVR9p-Ed-ak6NoX_4Aeg_-412792550" />
<messageBuildingBlock
xmi:id="_TVf2ktEwEd-BzquC8wXy7w_-1527090842"
name="AdditionalInformation"
definition="Provides additional information."
registrationStatus="Provisionally Registered"
maxOccurs="1"
minOccurs="0"
xmlTag="AddtlInf"
complexType="_ULXLNNp-Ed-ak6NoX_4Aeg_-1951841609">
<semanticMarkup
xmi:id="_blhnjA5lEeO42pgjaJ50lw"
type="Synonym">
<elements
xmi:id="_blhnjQ5lEeO42pgjaJ50lw"
name="context"
value="ISO 15022" />
<elements
xmi:id="_blhnjg5lEeO42pgjaJ50lw"
name="value"
value=":70E:ADTX" />
</semanticMarkup>
</messageBuildingBlock>
<messageBuildingBlock
xmi:id="_TVf2k9EwEd-BzquC8wXy7w_-1760742702"
name="MessageOriginator"
definition="Party that originated the message, if other than the sender."
registrationStatus="Provisionally Registered"
maxOccurs="1"
minOccurs="0"
xmlTag="MsgOrgtr"
complexType="_QQR1tdp-Ed-ak6NoX_4Aeg_-1244141483">
<semanticMarkup
xmi:id="_blhnkA5lEeO42pgjaJ50lw"
type="Synonym">
<elements
xmi:id="_blhnkQ5lEeO42pgjaJ50lw"
name="context"
value="ISO 15022" />
<elements
xmi:id="_blhnkg5lEeO42pgjaJ50lw"
name="value"
value=":95a::MEOR" />
</semanticMarkup>
</messageBuildingBlock>
<messageBuildingBlock
xmi:id="_TVf2lNEwEd-BzquC8wXy7w_-1720106945"
name="MessageRecipient"
definition="Party that is the final destination of the message, if other than the receiver."
registrationStatus="Provisionally Registered"
maxOccurs="1"
minOccurs="0"
xmlTag="MsgRcpt"
complexType="_QQR1tdp-Ed-ak6NoX_4Aeg_-1244141483">
<semanticMarkup
xmi:id="_blhnlA5lEeO42pgjaJ50lw"
type="Synonym">
<elements
xmi:id="_blhnlQ5lEeO42pgjaJ50lw"
name="context"
value="ISO 15022" />
<elements
xmi:id="_blhnlg5lEeO42pgjaJ50lw"
name="value"
value=":95a::MERE" />
</semanticMarkup>
</messageBuildingBlock>
<messageBuildingBlock
xmi:id="_TVf2ldEwEd-BzquC8wXy7w_-2033180442"
name="Extension"
definition="Additional information that can not be captured in the structured fields and/or any other specific block."
registrationStatus="Provisionally Registered"
minOccurs="0"
xmlTag="Xtnsn"
complexType="_QzJSNdp-Ed-ak6NoX_4Aeg_251191216" />
<messageDefinitionIdentifier
businessArea="seev"
messageFunctionality="041"
flavour="001"
version="01" />
</messageDefinition>
ISO Building Blocks
The following items are used as building blocks to construct this message.